婚姻匹配的变迁:社会开放性的视角

Trends of Status Homogamy in China:A dual-trait analysis

本文以择偶配对的内婚性程度作为社会开放性的指标,使用中国综合社会调查2006年数据,通过对婚姻先赋性和自致性匹配在各历史时期变化的实证考察,评估不平等结构代际传递的过程和趋势。本文在理论上对两种匹配强度组合和代际不平等结构传递的关系进行了讨论,并相应在模型上使用双配分析方法以控制代际流动的影响,从技术上实现了对婚姻配对独立净效应的估计。分析发现改革开放以来婚姻自致性匹配度大幅度提高,先赋性匹配呈现倒U型的小幅波动。这一结果暗示当前不平等结构传递的特征为"父系再生产强化"模式,而社会开放性程度可能将有所下降。

Status Homogamy can be regarded as an indicator of the 'openness' of society.This article applies the study of homogamy to an exploration of the social structural transformation in China between 1949 and 2006.Based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey 2006,this paper uses the couple's education and their fathers' social statuses to demonstrate the changing pattern(s) of marriage choice.Different from the traditional single-trait model,this study adopts a dual-trait model,placing ascriptive and achievement-oriented match into one single-model simultaneously.It aims at effectively controlling the intergenerational mobility effects.The analyses show that,since the reform,the educational homogamy has been steadily increasing,while the matching of family background draws an up-side-down U-shape curve.These results imply a resurgence of patrilineal society,in which the structure of inequality is reproduced and consolidated by unilateral descent.