开封市2006—2010年麻疹流行病学特征和预防控制措施

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics and Control Measures of Measles in Kaifeng City During 2006-2010

目的了解开封市2006—2010年麻疹流行病学特征,提出实现2010年消除麻疹措施。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2006—2010年开封市麻疹发病及采取的预防控制措施进行分析。结果 8年间麻疹流行趋势呈周期性,每3年出现1个发病高峰,经历了2005年发病高峰,2006年达到了发病低位,于2007年开始回升,2008年达到了发病率的新高。2009年后发病率降低,于2010年创历年新低。麻疹病例分布广泛,流行模式为散发和暴发并存,病例主要集中在尉氏县、杞县及开封县。发病季节主要集中在4—6月;属小年龄发病模式,﹤1岁儿童为麻疹高发年龄段,其病例构成在29.39%～54.29%之间;病例中有75%的无免疫史或免疫不详史,19%仅接种1剂次麻疹疫苗。结论在加强常规免疫接种的同时,注重对往年疫情数据收集、分析,寻找流行规律,于发病高峰来临前实施强化免疫,查漏补种;扩大适龄儿童年龄段,及时开展麻疹疫苗强化免疫,采取针对不同人群实施补充接种(如育龄妇女、孕前妇女等)等综合防制措施,为实现2012年消除麻疹目标奠定基础。

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Kaifeng City from 2006 to 2010,and put forward measures for measles elimination in 2010. [Methods]Descriptive epidemiology method was adopted to analyze the measles incidence and control measures in Kaifeng City from 2006 to 2010. [Results]Measles cyclical trend showed in 8 years,with peak incidence appeared every 3 years;after peak in 2005,the incidence reached a lower level in 2006,then rose up in 2007,and reached a new high level in 2008.After 2009,the incidence decreased and reached minimum level in 2010.Measles cases were widely distributed,epidemic modes were dissemination and outbreaks.The incidence was mainly in Weishi County,Qi County and Kaifeng County.Epidemic season is April to June.Incidences mainly belonged small-age mode,a high incidence of measles was found among children between 0 and 1 year old who occupied 29.39% to 54.29% of total cases.75% cases had non-immune or immune unknown history,19% only received measles vaccine inoculation for 1 dose. [Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the routine immunization for measles prevention and control,the collection and analysis of epidemic data and the supplementary immunization before peak incidence appeared,to expand the vaccination age range of school-age children,to implement supplementary immunization timely,and adopt comprehensive control measures（e.g.supplementary immunization） on different groups of population（women of childbearing age,pregnancy women）,so as to achieve the goal of measles elimination in 2012.