信阳市2004—2009年麻疹流行特征

Epidemic Characteristics of Measles in Xinyang City from 2004 to 2009

目的分析信阳市2004—2009年麻疹发病流行特征,了解当前麻疹发病特点,为实现2012年全市消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对信阳市2004—2009年麻疹的流行特征进行分析,数据通过Excel 2003和SPSS13.0进行统计处理。结果 信阳市麻疹发病特征:①季节性明显,主要集中在3—7月的春夏季,占全年总发病数的60.22%;②发病人群呈现典型的小年龄组发病模式,学龄前儿童是麻疹发病的高危人群,94.34%病例的年龄<15岁,且小年龄儿童麻疹发病率逐年上升,1岁以下幼儿发病率由2004年的11.68/10万上升到2009年的435.38/10万;③高度散发和局部暴发、流行相结合。2009年浉河区、新县和潢川县发生麻疹流行,报告发病率分别高达50.37/10万、36.23/10万、33.83/10万。结论近年来,信阳市麻疹的流行特征在发病时间、流行强度和年龄分布上发生了一定的变化,全市麻疹的发病率逐渐上升。麻疹疫苗接种作为控制发病的有效措施,在信阳市的落实需要进一步加强,保证在人群中形成针对麻疹的免疫屏障,控制发病,逐步实现2012年消除麻疹的目标。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic characteristics of measles in Xinyang city from 2004 to 2009,study the features of measles at present,and provide the scientific basis for achieving the measles elimination goal by 2012 in Xinyang city. [Methods]The epidemic characteristics of measles in Xinyang city from 2004 to 2009 were studied with descriptive epidemiology,and the data were processed and analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS13.0. [Results]The epidemic characteristics of measles in Xinyang city： ① There was obvious seasonal features,most of cases occurred from March to July,which accounted for 60.22% of total annual cases.②The young age group was dominant,and the high-risk group was the preschool children.94.34% of patients were children under 15 years old.The incidence rate of young age group was increased gradually year by year,and the incidence rate of children under 1 year old was increased from 11.68/lakh in 2004 to 435.38/lakh in 2009.③There were sporadic cases and partial outbreak.Outbreak of measles was reported in Shihe County,Xin County and Huangchuan County in 2009,and the reported incidence rate reached 50.37/lakh,36.23/lakh and 33.83/lakh respectively. [Conclusion]In recent years,the epidemic characteristics of measles in Xinyang city had changed in onset time,epidemic strength and age distribution,and the incidence of measles was increased gradually.The measles vaccination that is the effective measures for measles control should be further strengthened in Xinyang city,in order to form immunization barrier for measles among population and gradually achieve the measles elimination goal by 2012.