柑橘黑斑病(Citrus Black Spot)发生危害现状和研究进展

Epidemic and research advance of Citrus Black Spot

柑橘黑斑病(Citrus Black Spot,CBS)主要危害果实,在果皮上形成各种病斑而影响果实的外观品质和销售价格,严重时可造成田间落果和贮藏期果实腐烂。同时,黑斑病被欧盟列为A1类外来有害生物,美国对此也有严格的限制。因此,该病害影响柑橘鲜果的国际贸易。黑斑病的病原属球座菌(Guignardia),其无性态为叶点霉菌(Phyl-losticta)。宽皮柑橘(Citrus reticulata)、橙类(C.sinensis)和柠檬(C.limon)上为柑橘球座菌(G.citricarpa),无性态为柑橘叶点霉(P.citricarpa)。而最新研究表明亚洲柚黑斑病(也称tan spot,棕褐斑病)的病原与上述柑橘上的不同,其有性态尚未发现,无性态则为亚洲柑橘叶点霉菌(P.citriasiana)。此外,P.capitalensis作为一种内生菌普遍存在于各类柑橘中,常干扰病害的检测。鉴于该病害在我国发生普遍,局部危害严重,而相关信息匮乏,作者综合国内外相关研究报道,结合自身部分工作,就病害发生历史、分布和危害性,病害症状,病原菌种类,发生规律和检测,病害在欧盟国家的发生风险,以及病害的防治等方面作了较为详细的介绍,以期满足读者对柑橘黑斑病的全方位了解需求。

Citrus Black Spot（CBS） attacks citrus fruits,produces various spots on citrus rind,gives rise to the decrease in external quality and commercial value.It causes immature fruit-dropping in fields or postharvest decaying in storage houses when disease occurs severely.Meanwhile,CBS is regulated as an A1 quarantine pest by several countries of European Union,as well as USA,so international trade of fresh citrus is restricted by this disease.The causal agents of CBS belong to genus Guignardia（anamorph Phyllosticta）.G.citricarpa（anamorph P.citricarpa） is responsible to the CBS of mandarins（C.reticulata）,oranges（C.sinensis） and lemon（C.limon）,whereas P.citriasiana（teleomorph unknown） is responsible to tan spot of pomeloes（C.grandis）.In addition,an endophyte,P.capitalensis is commonly present on citrus,which often interferes the detection of CBS.CBS is a common disease in China,significant losses often be leaded to some susceptible varieties.However,the knowledge of CBS is handful in China.To satisfy the requirement of broad readers to full scenario of CBS,in current paper,we integrate the published information of inter-and intra-nation regarding CBS,and give a detail introduction on the aspects of disease history,distribution,significance,symptom,etiology,prevalence,detection control,etc.