幼儿的入园焦虑及其影响因素

On Children’s Anxiety about Kindergarten Entry and Its Influential Factors

梯度入园模式能够在一定程度上缓解幼儿的入园焦虑，但幼儿个体差异较显著，尤其表现在入园第一周与家长分离时。本研究以118名新入园的托班幼儿为被试．探讨不同焦虑类型幼儿的分离焦虑水平以及入园前的交往水平对幼儿入园焦虑类型的影响，为缓解幼儿入园焦虑提供应对依据。结果发现：（1）各入园焦虑类型的幼儿按分离焦虑由高到低依次排列是：缠人型、狂暴型、封闭型和一般型．前三种类型幼儿的分离焦虑水平显著高于一般型幼儿。（2）幼儿与陌生成人的交往水平显著高于与同伴的交往水平，封闭型幼儿的两种交往水平均显著低于其他类型的幼儿。缓解幼儿的入园焦虑应根据不同类型幼儿的焦虑表现作不同的应对。关注入园前幼儿交往能力的培养，尤其是与同伴交往能力的培养，有助于幼儿更好地适应幼儿园生活。

The grads pattern of kindergarten entry can partly relieve anxiety but children demonstrate distinct difference especially during the first week of separation with parents in kindergarten. This research choose 118 new preschoolers to study the separation anxiety level of children with different anxiety types and the influence of social interaction level before kindergarten entry upon their anxiety types so as to offer evidence for dealing with children＇s anxiety at kindergarten entry. And the results show that 1） the separation intensity of anxiety types, arranged in descending order, is as follows： grizzling, violent, self-contained, and ordinary type, and the first three types of children show a significantly higher level of separation anxiety than the ordinary type; 2） children＇s level of communicating with unfamiliar adults is prominently higher than with peers and selfcontained children show a lower level than other children in both types of communication. Anxiety relief should take different types of anxiety into consideration. Attention given to the cultivation of children＇s socialization ability before kindergarten entry, especially the ability to socialize with peers, helps children better adapt to kindergarten life.