不同施肥模式对沿南四湖区玉米产量、效益及土壤硝态氮的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Patterns on Maize Yield,Economic Benefit and NO_3^--N of Soil in Nansi Lake Basin

在山东省南四湖沿岸麦玉轮作区进行了不同施肥模式在夏玉米及土壤上的试验研究。结果表明,通过优化氮磷钾肥(OPT)、控释氮肥配施磷钾肥(CRF)、有机肥替代部分化肥投入(80%OPT+M)以及小麦秸秆还田(OPT+St)措施的应用均可优化玉米植株性状及产量构成要素,提高出籽率和收获指数,从而保证玉米籽粒产量,增加农民收入,OPT、CRF、80%OPT+M和OPT+St四个处理较农民习惯施肥每公顷增收益分别为1293.4元、1311.6元、319.5元和473.3元;这四种措施均可显著提高氮肥利用率及农学效率;相比农民习惯施肥处理(FP),在0~100 cm土壤剖面不同土层内,优化氮磷钾化肥、控释氮肥、及有机肥和秸秆还田的采用可明显降低硝态氮在土壤中的含量,从而降低对南四湖流域地下水的硝酸盐污染。

Effect of different fertilization patterns on maize and soil of wheat-maize rotation system in Nansi lake basin of Shandong Province was studied.The results showed that treatments of optimized fertilization（OPT）,controlled-released fertilizer（CRF）,combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer（80%OPT ＋ M） and wheat straw returned to soil（OPT＋St） could optimize plant characters and improve yield components,and improve grain output ration and harvest index,then ensure maize yield.The application of four treatments increased income by 1293.4,1311.6,319.5 and 473.3 yuan hm-2 compared with treatment of traditional fertilization（FP）.These patterns of fertilization could improve nitrogen utilization rate and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen.In 0 ~ 100 cm soil profile,treatments of OPT,CRF,80%OPT ＋ M and OPT ＋ St could decrease content of soil NO3--N compared to FP,then decrease the quantity of nitrogen leaked into ground water of Nansi lake basin.