基于RUSLE和GIS的绥化市土壤侵蚀评估

Evaluation on Soil Erosion in Suihua Based on RUSLE and GIS

基于修正的通用土壤流失方程RUSLE和GIS技术,结合绥化市的自然地理环境特征,分别计算了影响土壤侵蚀的各种因子,获取了绥化市2004年土壤侵蚀现状图,并对各区县以及不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀状况进行了统计,结果表明:绥化市土壤侵蚀以轻度为主,共有16083.9 km2,占46.34%,中度侵蚀面积共有1583.52 km2,占4.56%;轻度侵蚀集中连片分布,而中度以上侵蚀主要分布在河流沿岸的河流阶地与河漫滩过渡地带;兰西和青冈两个地区是土壤侵蚀面积最大的地区,而望奎、北林和海伦三个地区是中度以上土壤侵蚀的面积最大的;土地利用类型中以旱田土壤侵蚀最严重,面积也最大,未利用地主要表现为中度以上土壤侵蚀,林地和草地以轻度侵蚀为主。

Based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation RUSLE） and GIS technology,combined with the natural geographic environment of Suihua,each factor affecting soil erosion was calculated and the status quo of soil erosion map in 2004,was acquired as well as analyzed the status of soil erosion in different counties and land-use types.The results showed that slight erosion dominated the Suihua city and acute soil erosion was very little.The area of slight erosion was 16083.9 km^2,accounting for 46.34%,and the area of moderate erosion was 1583.52 km^2,accounting for 4.56%.The slight erosion distribution was concentrated,while the moderate or severe erosion was along the river mainly at the transition zone of river terraces and alluvial flat.The largest area of total erosion was Lanxi county and Qinggang county,while the largest area of moderate or severe erosion was Wangkui county,Beilin district and Hailun county.In dry fields the soil erosion area was the largest and the degree was the severest,unused land was mainly moderate or severe soil erosion,while forest land and grass land were associated with slight erosion.