转型社会下的多重复合性风险 三城市公众风险感知状况的调查分析

Multiple Composite Risks in Transitional Society:A Study Based on the Survey of Public Risk Perception in Three Cities of China

在社会转型期,中国公众的主观风险感知呈现地区差异和多重复合等特点,三重复合—高度不确定性风险、两重复合—中度不确定性风险和单重—低度不确定性风险三种结构的社会风险共存。研究发现,公众普遍对低不确定性的单重风险感知最高,对高不确定性的三重风险感知最低;教育水平较高、社会地位较高的群体对高不确定性三重风险的感知程度较高,底层社会群体则对低不确定性单重风险的感知程度较高。从公众在三种感知结构的分布情况来看,中国公众的风险感知包含了对转型社会多重风险并存、交互影响和交互作用的认识,即成为中国社会转型过程的风险投射。

An analysis of the survey data about the Chinese public perception of risks in transitional society showed characteristics of regional differences and three risk structures： a triple-risk composite with a high level of uncertainty, a double-risk composite with a medium level of uncertainty, and a single risk with a low level of uncertainty, all coexisting as social risks. The public were generally aware of single risks with low uncertainty but they were least aware of the triple-risk composite with high uncertainty. Those with higher education were more aware of the high uncertainty in the triple-risk composite, whereas those at the bottom social strata were more aware of the uncertainty associated with single risks. The distributive structure of the public perception of the three risk types contained the Chinese public perception of the coexistence of multiple risks, reciprocal influences, and interactive dynamics, which projected the risks during the transitional process of the Chinese society.