从民国时期的三次币制变革看当时的通货膨胀

Inflation during the Period of the Republic of China:Three Changes in the Currency System

通货膨胀的程度不同、性质不同,对各国政治经济影响也不同。恶性通货膨胀会使一国的政治经济遭受毁灭性破坏。以民国时期三次币制改革为实例,肯定其中的积极意义,论述其中的危害性。这既是对民国时期金融史、货币史的回顾,也是对恶性通货膨胀的实证分析。国民政府实行的第一次币制变革是"废两改元",在统一币制、货币单一化方面,具有积极意义;国民政府实行的又一次币制变革是法币改革,废止银本位制,对币制统一,摆脱银价涨落影响,稳定金融,恢复与发展经济,也有积极意义;国民政府在大陆实行的最后一次币制变革是发行金元券,导致货币贬值,滥发钞票,整个国民经济陷入恶性通货膨胀。

The different levels and natures of inflation have different influences on the national politics and economy of different countries.Hyperinflation usually makes a country＇s politics and economy suffer devastating damages.Taking the three currency reforms in the period of the Republic of China as an example,this paper affirms its positive significances while pointing out its harmfulness.This is not only a review of the financial history and currency history during that period,but also an empirical analysis of the hyperinflation.The first currency reform carried out by the National Government is called ＂replacing Liang with Yuan＂,which has positive significance in the unification of currency;the second currency reform conducted by the National Government is the reform of legal tender and abolishment of silver standard system,which has a positive significance in unifying the currency system,getting rid of the effect of fluctuating silver prices,stabilizing finance,recovering and developing economy;the last currency reform made by the National Government in the main land is issuing the Gold Yuan,which resulted in currency devaluation,recklessly issuing banknotes,and the entire national economy entrapped in hyperinflation.