苇河青山林木良种基地优异种质资源评价

Germplasm Evaluation of Qingshan Excellent Seed Base in Weihe

通过对苇河林业局青山良种基地红松(Pinus koraiensis)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)、长白落叶松(Larix olgensis)、沙松(Abies holophylla)、紫椴(Tilia amurensis)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)6个树种生长和适应性的调查分析,摸清了种子园、子代测定林和收集区的资源状况,为良种基地的提档升级和种苗管理机构的科学管理提供了基础资料。287个种子园无性系全部保存,单株平均保存率为82.4%,无性系内分株全部成活的无性系占总数的23.7%;在298个收集区的无性系中,33个无性系全部死亡,平均单株保存率为68.9%,应补充新的种质资源;180个优树子代林家系中所有家系都已保存,平均保存率为53.6%,保存状况较差,应加强资源管理。种子园无性系、子代林家系生长性状存在较大的变异,为家系间、家系内及无性系的选择打下了基础。种子园无性系树高、胸径和材积平均变异系数分别为24.9%、37.5%和73.2%,子代林家系的树高、胸径和材积平均变异系数分别为18.9%、29.0%、60.0%。通过无性系、家系生长与适应性的研究,从267个无性系中筛选出长白落叶松459、沙松43、水曲柳81056号3个优异种质资源,其保存率100%超过无性系均值的24.3%,材积超过均值的82.1%;从180个家系中筛选出紫椴085、水曲柳89071号2个优异种质资源,其保存率85.4%超过家系均值的24.4%,材积超过当地生产对照的32.3%。

The resource status of clonal seed orchards, progeny test plantations and collection banks were obtained through the analy- sis of growth and adaptability of 6 species （ Pinus korainesis, Pinus sylvestnis vat. mongolica, Larix olgensis, Abies holo- phylla, Tilia amurensis and Fraxinus mandshurica） in Qingshan Excellent Seed Base of Weihe Forestry Bureau. It could provide the basis data for the upgrade of the Excellent Seed Base and the scientific management of seed and seedling administration. Among the 287 clones in the seed orchards, the average survival rate of individual ramets was 82.4%, and the clones in which all the ramets survived accouted for 23.7%. Among the 298 clones in the collection banks, 33 clones were dead, and the average survival rate of individual ramets was 68.9%, indicating that new germplasm resources should he supplemented. A total of 180 excellent families in the progeny test plantations survived, and the average survival rate was 53.6%, indicating that resource management should be strengthened for poor preservation. Large variations in growth characters were observed among the clones of the seed orchards and the families of the progeny test plantations, which provided the basis for selection among or within families and clones. The variation coefficients of tree height, diameter at breast height and volume of the clonal seed orchards were 24.9% , 37.5% and 73.2% respectively, and those of the families of the progeny test plantations were 18.9% , 29.0% and 60.0% respectively. Three excellent clones （L. olgensis 459, Abies holophylla 43 and Fraxinus mandshurica 81056） were selected from 267 clones, and their survival rate reached 100%. Compared with the the averges of the clones, the three excellent clones were 24.3% higher in survival rate and 82.1% higher in volume. And two excellent families （ Tilia amurensis 085 and Fraxinus mandshurica 89071 ） were also selected from 180 families, and their survival rate （85.4%） was 24.4% higher than the average of the families, and the volume was 32.3% higher than that of the control.