论食物权的宪法保障——以宪法文本为分析对象

On the Constitutional Protection of the Right to Food——A view of constitution's text

食物权是人人享有的获得适足食物的人权,该项权利已经得到国际人权宪章的承认。食物权之所以受到宪法保障是由宪法的地位和使命,以及食物权对有尊严的生活以及民主所具有的价值所决定的。从宪法条文来看,各国宪法对食物权保障可以分为政策目标型、权利宣示型以及权利推定型三种类型,它们对食物权保障具有不同的结果。就中国而言,食物权并非宪法明确宣示的权利,不过从相关宪法条款中可以推定出食物权的存在。中国要加强食物权保障,最好在宪法第45条中规定包括食物权在内的适当生活水准权。

The right to food is the right to adequate food and is recognized by International Bill on Human Rights.It is guarded by constitutions because of the position and mission of constitution,and its value on the constitutionalism and democracy.Although there are many kinds of articles on the right to food,it can be classified into three models such as goals of policy,declared rights,and presumptive rights,each model having different results.As for China,the right to food isn＇t a declared constitutional right,but a presumptive right.In view of the difficulties of presumption of rights,we＇d better add the right to adequate standard of living including the right to food in Art.45 of the constitution.