农民工欠薪问题的成因及其治理——以建筑业农民工工资拖欠及其法律救济为例

Causes and Governance of the Migrant Workers Salary Arrears Problem——The case of migrant workers salary arrears in construction industry and its legal relief

农民工欠薪问题已成为我国严重的社会问题,且在建筑业尤为突出。建筑业农民工工资拖欠包括"行规惯例"、隐性欠薪、恶性欠薪、经营性拖欠等多种情形,它引发讨薪群体事件、恶化劳资关系、并侵害农民工生存权和人权。建筑业农民工欠薪可归因于包工头、分包体制、劳动法制等等,但其深层的影响因素却是城乡二元体制下农民工的尴尬境遇、改革政策中的劳资失衡、以及社会信用体系的缺失。治理农民工欠薪问题的思路包括欠薪入罪、行政治理与司法救济、设立欠薪保障基金以及确立工资优先权等等。根治农民工欠薪问题应实现农民工欠薪救济的法治之治、标本兼治、公私法并济,应重塑建筑业劳动关系,将包工头定位为建筑企业的基层管理人员,并严格限制建筑企业资质,以及放松劳动关系的认定标准。

The migrant workers salary arrears problem has become a serious social problem in China,and especially in the construction industry.The causes of construction salary arrears can be attributed to contractors,subcontract-system,labor law,etc.,but the underlying reasons come from the urban-rural system which embarrasses the migrant workers,the reform policies which imbalance the labor relationship,and the social credit system.There are several methods for governance including criminal control,administrative control and judicial relief,establish the security fund,wage priority,etc.It is important to keep the rule of law,to government the roots,and to emphasis on private law.It is necessary to reshape the employment relationship in construction industry,to position the independent contractors as the primary management of construction enterprises,to strictly limit the construction enterprise qualification,and to expand the scope of workers.