中学生完美主义特点及其与亲社会倾向的关系

The Characteristics of Perfectionism and its Relationship with Prosocial Tendencies

本研究使用修订后的Hewitt多维完美主义量表(HMPS)和亲社会倾向量表(PTM),对中学生群体进行了测查,并采用简单相关、典型相关和回归分析等方法,探讨中学生完美主义特点及其与亲社会倾向的关系。结果表明:(1)中学生在指向自我完美主义上得分最高,其次是社会期望完美主义,指向他人完美主义得分最低。(2)中学生的亲社会倾向由高到低依次为:利他的、情绪的、紧急的、依从的、匿名的和公开的。(3)指向自我完美主义与六类亲社会倾向都正相关,但指向他人完美主义、社会期望完美主义仅与公开的亲社会倾向正相关。从典型相关分析结果看,典型变量所代表的亲社会倾向主要是利他的、依从的、公开的亲社会倾向,而这些亲社会倾向主要由指向自我完美主义、指向他人完美主义来解释。(4)回归分析发现,除去年级、性别、学校类型的作用外,指向自我完美主义对公开的、匿名的、利他的、依从的、情绪的、紧急的等六类亲社会倾向的解释力分别为2.6%、2.8%、7.2%、7.4%、7.0%、5.0%。

Simply correlation,Canonical correlation analysis and Regression analysis were used together to explore the correlations between perfectionism and prosocial tendencies on middle school students by means of the revised Hewitt＇s Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale（HMPS） and prosocial tendencies measure. The results were as follows：（1） middle school students reported self-oriented perfectionism the most,followed by socially-prescribed perfectionism,and other-oriented perfectionism the least;（2） they took altruistic prosocial tendency most,followed by emotional,dire,compliant,anonymous,and public prosocial tendency,respectively.（3） Self-oriented perfectionism was positively correlated to all six kinds of prosocial tendency,other-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism only positively correlated to public prosocial tendency. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that,canonical variables mainly stood for the altruistic,compliant and public prosocial tendencies;these prosocial tendencies were mainly explained by self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism.（4） Regression analysis indicated that,only self-oriented perfectionism entered regression equation. Except the effect of grade,gender and the school type,self-oriented perfectionism can account for 2.6%,2.8%,7.2%,7.4%,7.0%,5.0% of the variance for public,anonymous,altruistic,compliant,emotional,dire prosocial tendency,respectively.