芜湖市就业与居住空间匹配研究

Spatial Match Between Employment and Housing in Wuhu City,Anhui Province of China

借助偏离度指数分析法从宏观层面研究了芜湖市辖区的就业—居住空间匹配状况的变化特点,利用问卷调查数据,从微观角度分析了市区居民通勤的时间、距离、方式及费用。研究结果表明:芜湖市就业—居住空间匹配度趋于下降,核心区为服务业就业主导区,北部以制造业就业为主导功能,南部居住功能占主导,带来各区居住人口和就业人口的空间流动。居民通勤平均距离约为4 km,平均时间约为25 min,通勤方式以电动车、公交车为主。目前,居民对就业—居住地匹配状况的满意程度总体尚好,还需要采取措施以进一步提高满意度。

Employment and housing space are two major functional zones in city.The spatial relationship between them affects traffic flow,commuting distance and cost directly.Meanwhile,it is also an important factor that affected the city layout.So it draws more scholars＇ attention.At abroad,scholars undertake researches from the aspects of urban spatial structure and the relationship between each core elements,spatial match between employment and housing space,the evaluation of urban comprehensive effect and so on.At home,scholars began this research from the late 1980s.Their research contents mainly focus on the influence of the match between employment and housing space to the traffic,the spatial pattern of employment-housing influencing the problem of urban employment,the spatial organization of employment-housing and the development mode of urban land,spatial mismatch issues and so on.The research areas are mainly concentrated in first-level cities,but rarely in the medium-sized cities which are in rapid growth stage on the central and western China.As one of the core cities along the Changjiang River in Anhui Province exerting industrial transfer,and an A-class port city in China with National Economic and Technical Development Zone,Wuhu City is a very typical medium-sized city.The city scale expanded rapidly in the past decade,whose adjustment of urban functional partition has been strengthened,and the boundary between each function is more clear.The urban residents＇ demand of housing construction is more urgently in Wuhu City,consequently,its urban land increases nervously,house prices ascendes gradually,and urban traffic pressure emerges.So it is particularly essential to study the spatial match between employment and housing.This paper uses deviation index to analyze the changing characteristics of spatial match between employment and housing from the macroscopic level in Wuhu City.At the same time,the urban residents＇ commuting time,distance,mode and cost are analyzed from microscopic level based on the survey data from questionnaires.The results indicate that：1） the employment and housing spatial match degree tends to decline;2） services employment is the leading function in core area,and manufacturing employment in the northern Wuhu and living in the southern Wuhu,which brings residents and employed population flowed from different districts;3） the average commuting distance and time is about 4 km and 25 min,and residents always choose electric car or bus;and 4） at present,the satisfaction degree of the residents about employment and housing spatial match is reasonable,but still needs to improve.