煤炭城市转型中的社会空间结构——以阜新为例

Social Space Structure of Coal City in Transition:A Case Study of Fuxin City,China

作为煤炭工业城市,阜新市处于经济和社会发展的全面转型中,其城市社会空间结构以及演变特征与国内外通常关注的综合性中心城市的案例均有所不同。利用问卷调查方法获得第一手数据,通过因子分析得到阜新市社会空间结构的5个主因子,即贫困人口、"体制内"就业人员、(原)矿业人口、私营及个体从业者以及棚户区及老旧住宅居民等;利用改进的区位商方法结合GIS制图,展示了5个主因子的空间集聚状况;采用聚类分析方法提取出"体制内"就业人员聚集区、原矿业人口他转移地区、原矿业人口自转移地区(私营及个体从业者聚集区)、待改造棚户区、贫困人口高度集中区等5类社会区;最后根据这5类社会区的空间分布特征,抽象出了转型中阜新市社会空间结构的简化模型。探讨了阜新市社会空间结构的形成机理,认为原矿业人口的转移、铁路的分隔作用、资源开发的阶段性、资源枯竭型城市经济转型、煤炭城市特殊的生态环境问题、职业分化的体制因素等是促使阜新市独特社会空间结构形成的重要因素。

Fuxin city,Liaoning Province of China,is a coal industrial city,which is in the economic and social transition period.Its social space has some different characters from other cities.Therefore,the study on social space structure of Fuxin has theoretical and practical significance.In the research process,questionnaire survey was used to get the first-hand data.Factor analysis,location quotient analysis and cluster analysis were introduced to analyze the social space structure of Fuxin.The main analysis process contains 3 parts：First,5 principal factors of social space in Fuxin were extracted by using factor analysis,including：1） the poor,2） the ＂in system＂ employees,3） the former mining workers,4） the private and individual practitioners,as well as 5） people living in old residential quarters and shantytown.Second,improved location quotient method was utilized to analyze the spatial agglomeration of each factor with the help of GIS mapping.It was found that the spatial distribution characteristics of 5 factors were different from each other obviously.Third,cluster analysis was performed to divide the social areas.The whole Fuxin contained 5 social areas,namely,1） the ＂in system＂ employees community,2） the ＂others-transitio＂ former mining workers community,3） the ＂self-transition＂ former mining workers community（namely the private and individual practitioners community）,4） shantytown to reconstruct and 5） the poor concentration area.In addition,a simplified model of social space structure was abstracted according to the spatial distribution of the social areas.Easy to see from the model,almost all the social areas have some relationships with the former mining workers,and the railway is a clear dividing line.Based on the above analysis,the article also discussed the formation mechanism of social space structure of Fuxin,considering that the transition of the former mining workers,separation of the railway,resources development stage,the economic transition of resources-exhausted cities,special ecological and environmental problems of coal cities,as well as institutional factors in vocational differentiation promoted the unique social space structure of Fuxin.Especially,the transition of the former mining workers is the most important factor.