公积金约束、家庭类型与住宅特征需求——来自中国的经验分析

Housing Provident Funds Constraints,Family Type and Housing Characteristics Demand:Evidence from China

公积金约束正成为分化不同类型家庭住房支付能力和消费偏好的重要因素。本文利用1995年和2002年城市住户调查数据,检验公积金约束对不同类型家庭住宅特征需求的影响。实证结果表明,在住宅特征需求方面,公积金约束的影响效应存在显著的收入差异、单位类型差异、职业类型差异、职称差异和行业收入差异。其中,社会地位较高的家庭在提高住宅结构特征需求方面获得了更多的公积金支持;而在住宅邻里特征需求方面,公积金制度对社会地位较低家庭的贡献度较高。在引入工具变量、检验公积金变量的内生性偏误时发现,城镇家庭在改善型住房需求方面对社会保障体系的完善有较强的依赖性。本文的政策含义是,住房公积金制度定位应向低收入群体倾斜,并根据家庭类型实行有差别的政策。

Housing provident fund constraint is becoming an important factor of separating housing affordability and consumer preference of different family. This paper empirically analyzes the effect of housing provident fund constraint on the housing characteristics demand of different family using the urban survey data of 1995 and 2002. The results show that there are evident income differences, unit type differences, occupation differences, professional title differences and industry differences. Among of them, the family that has a high social status can get more support of housing provident fund in increasing housing structure demand and the housing provi- dent fund has a high contribution in increasing housing neighborhood demand of the low social status family. After introducing instrument variable, urban family has a high dependence on social insurance system in improving resident condition. These results suggest that the orientation of housing provident fund must be directed to social vulnerable groups and hold variant policies for different families.