湖北省早、中、晚稻施磷增产效应及磷肥利用率研究

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer application and phosphorus use efficiency of early,middle and late rice in Hubei Province

2006~2009年通过在湖北省18个县（市、区）布置多点田间肥效试验,研究了当前生产条件下施用磷肥对水稻产量的影响,明确了磷肥的利用率现状,并探讨了早、中、晚稻施磷效果的差异。结果表明,当前生产条件下,早、中、晚稻施用磷肥都有显著的增产效果,平均增产量分别为706、774和565 kg/hm2,增产率分别为13.3%、11.3%和9.4%。不同类型水稻对磷肥投入的反应不同,相应的磷肥利用率也不同,早、中、晚稻的磷肥（P2O5）农学利用率平均分别为13.3、13.3和11.6 kg/kg,偏生产力分别为116.4、148.0和157.5 kg/kg,吸收利用率分别为14.2%、13.7%和11.3%,生理利用率分别为85.2、110.4和65.4 kg/kg。3种类型水稻对土壤磷素的依存率平均在87%~89%之间,说明水稻吸收的磷主要来自于土壤而不是肥料,其中晚稻对土壤磷素的依赖程度相对最大。

Multipoint field experiments of rice were conducted to study the effect of phosphorus（P） fertilizer application on rice yield,to investigate the P use efficiency,and to compare early,middle and late rice in their responses to the P application in 18 counties of Hubei Province during 2006-2009.The results show that the average yields of the NPK（with phosphorus） treatment of early,middle and late rice are 706,774 and 565 kg/ha higher than those of the NK（without phosphorus） treatment,respectively.It is concluded that the P application increases grain yield significantly,with the yield increase rate of 13.3% for early rice,11.3% for middle rice and 9.4% for late rice.The responses of early,middle and late rice to the P application are different.At present production conditions,P2O5 agronomic efficiencies（PAE） of early,middle and late rice are 13.3,13.3 and 11.6 kg/kg,partial factor productivities of applied P2O5（PFPP） are 116.4,148.0 and 157.5 kg/kg,P2O5 recovery efficiencies（PRE） are 14.2%,13.7% and 11.3%,and P2O5 physiological efficiencies（PPE） are 85.2,110.4 and 65.4 kg/kg in Hubei Province,respectively.The average soil P dependent rates（SPDR） of early,middle and late rice are between 87% and 89%,which mean that P absorption of rice is primarily from soil but not from fertilizer,and the highest SPDR was observed in late rice.