不同灌水条件下施硫对冬小麦碳、氮、硫物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of sulphur application on accumulations of carbon,nitrogen and sulphur and grain yield of winter wheat under different irrigation conditions

2009~2010年在河南农业大学科教示范园区,以2个中筋小麦品种多穗型豫农949和大穗型兰考矮早8为供试材料,设置不同灌水次数（W0、W1和W2）和施硫（S0和S60）试验,研究不同灌水条件下施硫对冬小麦碳、氮、硫物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,随灌水次数的增加,两品种小麦干物质积累量逐渐升高,且在开花期和成熟期干物质积累量表现为S60显著高于S0;施硫结合灌水1~2次可提高小麦干物质在各器官的积累量,以子粒干物质积累量最多,茎＋叶、穗轴＋颖壳次之,而各器官分配无显著差异;补施硫肥提高了子粒中氮和硫的含量,但随灌水次数的增加子粒和营养器官中氮含量呈下降趋势,以W 0处理含量最高。随着灌水次数的增加,两品种穗粒数、千粒重和产量呈升高趋势,且以S60W 2处理达到最大值,较S0W 0处理增幅达34.29%,品种间达显著差异,豫农949表现优于兰考矮早8。综上所述,本试验条件下,施用硫肥60 kg/hm2结合灌水1~2次有利于冬小麦干物质和碳、氮、硫积累分配及产量的提高,品种间对硫的响应有差异。

Irrigation plays an important role in increasing crop production in China.However,sulphur（S） is another essential element in plant nutrition.Under some stress conditions,such as low mineral content in soils,soil erosion and high nutrient removal by crops may cause S deficiency in crops.Most of previous studies focused on effects of S on yield and quality for wheat.The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of S and irrigation（W） and their interaction on accumulation of dry matter during wheat growth period,and distributions of carbon（C）,nitrogen（N） and S at the maturity,and grain yield and its main components at the harvest.Two medium-gluten wheat cultivars（a multiple spike Yunong 949 and a large spike Lankao Aizao 8） were used in field experiments with different S and W treatments in 2009-2010 wheat growing season.The results show that the dry matter accumulations of the two cultivars under the S60 treatments are significantly higher than those of the S0 treatments at the anthesis and maturity stages with the increasing of irrigation times.Comparing with S0,organ dry matter weights at the maturity are increased under the irrigation combined with S application,and the increased grain weight is higher than those of the other organs,but no significant differences in the dry matter distribution among the organs.The S application could increase the contents of N and S in grain,but the N contents of grain and vegetative organs are decreased with the increase of irrigation times.With the increase of irrigation times,the S application promotes grain-number per spike,1000-grain weight and grain yield,and their maximum values are reached under the S60W2 treatment.Especially,the grain yield of S60W2 is increased by 34.29% compared to the S0W0 treatment,and the yield of Yunong949 is significantly higher than that of Lankao Aizao8.In conclusion,S60W1 or S60W2 in the study could increase dry matter accumulations,the contents of C,N and S,and gain yields of two winter wheat cultivars,but some differences exist in the cultivars.