从周代考古墓葬出土礼器看列鼎制度

Zhou Dynasty Tombs Excavated from Archaeological Watching out the Array Ding System

从周代考古墓葬出土青铜鼎,大致可看出列鼎制度形成发展之脉络。西周早期到西周中期,为列鼎制度萌芽阶段,此时同级贵族列鼎多寡不一,尚未形成定制;西周晚期至春秋早期,为列鼎制度的正式形成与规范阶段,部分墓葬列鼎数和文献上所记载的"天子九鼎,诸侯七,卿大夫五,元士三也"的情况相吻合;春秋中期至春秋晚期,为列鼎制度的普遍僭越阶段,此期列鼎制出现了遵守与僭越并存的现象,而这正是这一时期传统与反传统之间激烈斗争的真实写照。

From the Zhou Dynasty tombs excavated archaeological bronze ding,the array ding system generally could be seen out of the formation and development.During the early and middle of west Zhou Dynasty,it was the embryonic stage of the array ding system,the amount of bronze ding was different in same class,so the array ding system didn＇t come into being;From the late west Zhou Dynasty to the early spring-autumn,the array ding system had formulated and standardized,the amount of bronze ding in some tombs was consistent with recorded in the literature,＂the emperors used nine bronze ding,feudalists used seven bronze ding,bureaucrats used five bronze ding,knights used three bronze ding＂.From the middle spring-autumn to the late spring-autumn,the array ding system was overstepped universally,it was true reflection of struggle situation between the traditional and against the traditional.