降雨条件下的单裂隙非饱和渗流实验研究

Experiment studies for unsaturated flow in a single fracture under rainfall

为明确单裂隙饱和—非饱和渗流的基本规律对整个裂隙岩体渗流的作用，利用自行设计制作的单裂隙渗流实验装置，进行了不同隙宽、不同饱和水位、不同降雨强度下的一系列渗流实验，建立了裂隙隙宽与负压、饱和度与负压、裂隙隙宽与饱和度以及负压与非饱和渗透系数之间的实验关系，给出了各参数间的非线性函数式，这些关系式的确立丰富了裂隙渗流理论，为探明实际工程中裂隙岩体非饱和区的渗透荷载分布特征提供了新的有效方法。

A set of experiment devices was specially designed for studies of unsaturated flow in a single fracture under rainfall, a serial of experiments was successfully completed for variable apertures, variable water tables and variable rainfalls. The mechanism of saturated unsaturated fracture flow and its transformation regularity under rainfall were revealed. The relationships of parameters, such as pressure head to aperture, saturation to aperture, and saturation to pressure head and unsaturated hydraulic permeability, were obtained. The results show that they all are non linear. With the above relationships, especially the relationship of pressure head to unsaturated hydraulic permeability, the most difficult problem of seepage theory of fractured rock is solved, meanwhile, a new effective method is proposed to verify the characteristic of load distribution of seepage in unsaturated areas for practical application.