厚黄土薄基岩型采煤沉陷区农田土壤化学性状空间变异

Study on Spatial Variability of Farmland Soil's Chemical Properties in the Thick Loess and Thin Bedrock Mining Subsidence Area

以山西潞安集团司马煤矿为例,针对厚黄土薄基岩型煤层地质,对沉陷破坏农田的不同沉陷深度下土壤化学性状空间变异进行研究。结果表明:(1)开采沉陷显著影响沉陷区农田表层土壤的化学特性,受其影响最大的是0～20 cm土层,其次是20～40 cm土层。(2)沉陷农田不同下沉深度土壤养分受沉陷影响的增减程度不一样,但整体有向沉陷区农田底部运移的趋势。在沉陷2 a的农田中,位于沉陷中部(即沉陷4 m处)有养分积聚和盐渍化趋势。(3)在土壤化学特性中,受开采沉陷影响最大的是土壤速效磷,其次是土壤速效钾,再次是土壤全氮和土壤有机质,而土壤酸碱性受其影响较小。

In this paper,Sima Coal Mine in Shanxi Luan Group as the case,on the type of geology of thick loess and thin bedrock coal,their destruction of farmland on the settlement,subsidence depth in different spatial variability of soil chemical properties were studied.The result showed：（1）Subsidence cropland significantly affected the chemical properties of the soil and the most affected depth was 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer,then followed by 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer.（2）Not the same change degree in soil nutrients at the different sinking depths of the settlement,but overall soil nutrients demonstrated a migration trends moving towards the bottom of subsidence cropland.Subsidence cropland,located in the central settlement,i.e.settlement 4 meters,in the settlement two years,showed trends of nutrients accumulation and salinity.（3）In soil chemical characteristics,the most affected by mining subsidence was the soil available P,followed by soil available K,and then the soil total nitrogen and soil organic matter,while the less affected was soil pH.