环境政策与环境技术创新的有效性及区域差异研究——以中国工业废水排放治理为例

An Analysis on the Effectiveness and Effects of Interaction between Regional Environmental Policies and Innovation in Environmental Technology:A Case Study of Abatement of Industrial Wastewater Emission in China

本文以中国工业废水排放治理为例,以1993～2007年间中国省际面板数据为样本,建立经济计量模型针对环境政策与环境技术创新的有效性和交叉效应进行实证研究。实证结果表明:环境政策和环境技术创新对于工业企业的废水减排行为具有显著的正面促进作用;环境政策和环境技术创新之间具有双向促进作用;从全国和区域层次来看,环境政策的边际减排效果与环境技术创新的边际减排效果之间并无大的差别;环境政策的边际减排效果与环境技术创新的边际减排效果依中部地区高、东西部地区低的规律分布;单位GDP工业废水减排量随工业经济活动水平的上升而递减。

With the interaction between negative externalities of environmental pollution and positive externalities of innovation in environmental technology in a world of uncertainty, the effectiveness of environmental policies and innovation in environmental technology has to be carried out regularly for a dynamic management of the environment. Taking abatement of industrial wastewater emission in China as an example and using panel data at provincial level over the period of 1993 - 2007, we develop an econometric model to assess the effectiveness and effects of interaction between environmental policies and innovation in environmental technology. The following findings are derived from our empirical study： （1） Both environmental policies and innovation in environmental technology have positive effects on the abatement of industrial wastewater emission by industrial business; （2） An effect of positive bidirectional interaction exists between environmental policies and innovation in environmental technology; （3） No significant difference is found between marginal abatement effect of environmental policies and marginal abatement effect of innovation in environmental technology at both national and regional level; （4） Both the marginal abatement effect of environmental policies and marginal abatement effect of innovation in environmental technology are higher in the central region than in the eastern and western regions in China; （5） Abatement of industrial wastewater emission per unit of industrial GDP decreases with the increase of the level of economic activities of industrial business.