鄂西土家族端午节习俗及其特征

Custom of Dragon Boat Festival (Duan Wu) of Tujia Minorities and Its Characteristics in Western Hubei

在农历五月初五已经成为国家法定端午节的大背景下,恩施土家族地区仍然保留着过三个端午节的习俗,即农历五月初五、十五和二十五,分别叫头端午、中端午和末端午。这一习俗既存在于文献记载中,也现存于土家人的生活中。节日动机逐渐从追忆历史、纪念先人转向亲人团聚和享受饮食游乐,充满了浓郁的少数民族节日文化气息。节俗特征明显,但随着时代的发展也发生了变异,值得去体会和探究。

under the grand background that on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese calendar has become a legal holiday for Dragon Boat Festival of the nation, a custom of three Dragon Boat Festivals is still retained in Enshi Tujia Ethnic Group area, namely, the fifth, the fifteenth and the twenty-fifth day of the fifth month in the Chinese calendar, being called Head Duan Wu, Middle Duan Wu and End Duan Wu, respectively. This custom is recorded in document and also exists in the life of Tujia people. The purpose of the festival has been gradually changed from memorizing history and commemorating ancestors to family reunion and enjoying food and entertainment, which is full of thick culture atmosphere of the festival of ethnic minorities. The festival has clear characteristics and has also had effective variation with the development of the times, which are worth experiencing and studying.