论“中原模式”——地权分配理论新模式

Discussion on "the Zhongyuan Model":The New Theoritical Mode of the Land Ownership Allocation

关于地权分配的理论,在学术界约定俗成的出现了诸如"华北模式"、"关中模式"、"江南模式"等等一系列说法,具有一定的道理,但是并不完全符合近代河南地权分配的特征。近代河南,地权分配的动荡性与农家村落的多样性明显,不同于华北、江南、关中地区较强的内生源结构特征,河南地权分配的特点是:地权分配在民国时期较为分散;在地主和农民两大阶级的阶层构成上,中小地主和有少量土地的自耕农民所占比重均较大;近代中原文化的保守迷信性,影响了农家村落的结构,也影响了近代河南工商业的发展,近代河南工商业不发达,地主进行土地积累的主要手段依靠高利贷;地权分配受外界因素影响很大,外向型特征明显。近代河南在自然地理、社会历史、经济文化方面,有很强的区域特征,影响到农村地权分配也有很强的区域特征,称之为"中原模式"。

About the theory of landownership distribution,a series of statements have conventionally appeared in academia,such as ＂North China Mode＂,＂Guanzhong Mode＂ and ＂Jiangnan Mode＂ and so on.They have certain principles in establishing them,but they not completely accord with the characteristics of modern Henan landownership distribution.In modern Henan,the unrest of land ownership allocation and the diversity of peasant village are obvious.Unlike North China,Jiangnan and Guanzhong,the landownership distribution in Henan was scattered in period of the Republic of China.For the two great classes of landlords and peasants,medium and small landlords and formers with a small land occupied dominant proportion.The modern culture in the central plain is conservative and superstitious,which influences the structure of the farm village and the development of industry and commerce in Henan.The industry and business were undeveloped in modern Henan,and landlords accumulated land mainly relying on usury.Landownership distribution was greatly affected by external factors.The modern Henan is characterized by its regional natural geography,social history,economy and culture,so its landownership distribution also has strong regional features,Which is called ＂Zhongyuan Mode＂.