公法、私法理念在刑事诉讼中的冲突与共存——以英国被害人参与权为样本的研究

Conflict and Coexistence of the Public/Private Law Ideas in Criminal Procedure——Taking the victim's right to participation in English as reserch sample

现代各国刑事诉讼是国家行使刑罚权的活动,以社会公共利益的实现为主要价值目标,但是现代刑事诉讼的形成和发展过程中一直存在着当事人权利自治的私法理念,自20世纪六七十年代的被害人权利运动以来,私法理念在各国刑事诉讼中的影响逐步扩大。英国刑事程序中的被害人参与权的确立和推广过程能很好地说明私法理念与公法理念在刑事诉讼中产生的冲突,英国法目前采取的态度是以公法理念为主导,两种理念在刑事诉讼中并存。世界其他国家的情形也是一样,公法理念占主导地位,私法理念的影响尚微,但有扩张的趋势。

While prosecution is an activity of state to enforce its power to punish,in the public interest,a private law idea always exists in the development of public prosecution.The victim＇s right to participation in English law demonstrates the conflict and coexistence of the two kinds of ideas.The attitude that the English law takes is that both kinds of ideas exist in criminal prosecution but the public ideas take a little advantage.The situation in other countries is alike.The private law ideas are secondary to public law ideas in criminal prosecution but the former has a tendency to expand.