我国亲属拒证特权的制度设计——从比较法的视野

System Design of Relatives' Privilege about My Country——From the perspective of comparative law

亲属拒证特权是证人特权制度的重要组成部分,目前世界上大部分法治发达国家和地区都已设立该制度。大陆法系国家对于亲属拒证特权的适用持较为宽松的态度,一定范围的亲属之间均可主张该特权;英美法系国家的亲属拒证特权仅限于夫妻之间,同时规定了具体适用的例外。在我国设立亲属拒证特权有其正当性,设计我国的亲属拒证特权制度应立足于我国的社会现实及法律文化传统,采用大陆法系国家的立法模式,同时注意在保护夫妻家庭关系与探求事实真相之间保持平衡,规定一定情形的例外。

As an important part of witness privilege system,privilege of relatives refusing to testify has been recognized in most of the legally developed countries and regions.The civil law countries hold a tolerate attitude toward the application of this privilege that the relatives in a certain range can claim it,while the common law countries demand that this privilege only be used by the couples with some exceptions.It is justifiable to set up the privilege of relatives refusing to testify in our country.Based on the social reality and legal cultural tradition in our country,we can adopt the legislative mode of civil law countries.Meanwhile,we should try to keep a balance between protecting family relationship and exploring the true facts and stipulate some exceptions.