求真与致善——荀子正名理论新探

Seeking Truth and Being Good——A New Exploration into Tsun Zi's Rectification of Names

荀子的正名理论不仅接续孔子的正名传统,也有对诸子之学的扬弃,在正名理论中荀子借鉴了名家、墨家的理论,而他们也是荀子批评最多的。荀子的正名理论主要体现在《正名》篇中。其中他讨论了名的分类、名的作用、制名的原则等,并对"三惑"等不正之名进行了批判。他认为名的主要作用在于"明贵贱"与"辨同异","贵贱"关乎价值,"同异"关乎事实,荀子就通过名联接了事实与价值。"辨同异"在乎求"真","明贵贱"在乎求"善",而荀子又认为"明贵贱"高于"辨同异",从而把名学引向伦理、政治之域。

Tsun Zi developes deeply Confueius＇ the Rectification of Names, in the other hand, he also has attention to the thoughts of Zhuzi in Pre--Qin dynasty. Xunzi not only argues against the School of Logieians（Mingjia） and Mohist School（Mojia）, but also learns something from them. The Rectification of Names is very important to Xunzi. In this paper, Xunzi reseaches the kinds of names, the functions of names and the principles of formulating names. Names have two functions, on a high lev- el, the noble and the inferior are elarified（Ming Gui Jian）, and on the low level, the identical and the different are distinguished（Bian Tong Yi）. The identical and the different are in the area of Truth, the noble and the inferior are in the area of Good. Xunzi thinks that names are the links of Truth and Good. Xunzi＇s the theory of names is about ethics and politics.