microRNA生物合成的调控进展——TGFβ/Smad信号途径的作用

Progress of Regulating MicroRNA Biogenesis by TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway

microRNA(miRNA)是一类非编码的小分子单链RNA,主要通过转录后抑制靶基因表达调节各种生物功能。miRNA表达水平在正常发育过程中以及在癌症及心血管疾病等各种疾病中发生变化。目前控制miRNA生物合成的信号途径以及调节机制尚未完全阐明。miRNA基因转录后在大蛋白复合体的介导下经一系列协调加工过程形成成熟的miRNA。近来发现转化生长因子β(TGFβ)信号途径的转导因子Smad蛋白在细胞核内调节miRNA的加工处理过程起重要作用。本文主要综述TGFβ/Smad信号途径在miRNA生物合成中的调节作用。

MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are small,non-coding and single-strand RNAs which modulate diverse biological function through post-translational repression of target gene expression.The levels of miRNAs are altered during normal development and patho-genesis of various diseases,including cancer and cardiovascular diseases.However,the signaling pathway controlling miRNA biogenesis and the regulating mechanism are not fully elucidated.Following transcription,mature miRNAs are produced through a series of coordi-nated processes mediated by large protein complexes.Recently the Smads,the signal transducers of the transforming growth factor β（TGFβ） signaling pathway,are found to play an important regulatory role in the processing of miRNA.In the present review,we mainly summarized the regulatory effects of the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway on miRNA biogenesis.