“联谊与均益,祀神与合乐”——明清会馆建筑文化内涵与形态嬗变研究

A Study on the Spiritual and Material Transformation of Chinese Traditional "Hall" Culture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

会馆作为我国明清时期最重要的基层民间社会组织形式之一,是在"地缘和业缘"观念旗帜下结成的一种社会力量联合体。它曾在我国封建社会中后期发挥过强大经济推动力,是社会管理能力的"亚文化群体",其文化内涵涉及神灵、宗族和儒商文化等多个层面。从对会馆文化内涵的探究入手,就该类型建筑的平面形制、空间形态与明清会馆文化的关联性进行研究,揭示出其建筑形制和空间形态的形成与时代嬗变正是会馆文化不断发展的物质性体现,它既具有建筑类型上的"独特性与规定性",又在不同时期和不同地区呈现出多样性特征。

Chinese Hall as one of the most important forms of grass-roots civil society organization in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,is a spontaneous and loose alliance based on＂shared location and shared industry＂.It once played a significant role in the economic development in the late feudal society, and acted as a＂sub-culture group＂with a capability of social management.Its cultural connotations comprised＂the gods,clan culture and scholar culture＂.Hall building was a type of civil public buildings, where its architectural form and space constituted the material culture with unique characteristics and cultural meaning.