中国器官捐献与分配相关问题初步探讨(2):弹性假定同意器官捐献登记系统

Preliminary discussion on organ donation and sharing in China(2):Soft presumed consent

中国人均国民生产总值和人均医疗卫生投资较低,预示了在中国建立器官捐献系统较发达国家将会更加困难。"弹性假定同意"是经过多年多国实践检验的、能快速增加器官捐献率的知情同意法则,它既符合WHO器官捐献原则,在尊重供体捐献意愿的前提下,充分尊重家属的知情同意权,同时也尊重不愿或不能捐献器官人群的人权,其经济易行的优点更加符合中国作为发展中国家的现实。心死亡器官捐献、高效率的器官捐献登记系统、帮扶政策三者的有机结合,似乎更加符合中国现阶段国情,是中国器官捐献可持续发展需要深入研究和探讨的问题。

China＇s per capita gross domestic product and low per capita investment in health indicates that the establishment of an organ donation system in China will be more difficult in comparison with developed countries. Soft presumed consent, as has been demonstrated in a multinational practice test for many years, can rapidly increase organ donation rates when compared to the informed consent system, and also follows World Health Organization principles of organ donation, primarily respecting the donor＇s wish while also respecting their family members＇ decision. In addition, soft presumed consent respects the human rights of people unwilling or unable to donate organs. The cost-effectiveness and ease of operation matches the reality of China as a developing country and fulfills the urgent need for establishment of a donation after cardiac death （DCD） option-based organ donation system. The combination of DCD, an efficient organ donation registration system, and incentive for the donor family seem more in line with current national conditions of China, should be well studied and explored in-depth for long term sustainable development of an organ donation system.