庄子传播思想研究

On Zhuang Zi's Communication Thought

庄子认为,作为传播主体的人,受到时间、空间、文化环境、自身认识和表达能力等多方面的限制,传播主体从来都是不自由的。传播主体就像一个带着镣铐的舞者,在种种限制之下,进行着传播活动。庄子认识到了传播活动中的成见,指出对于同一事实,每个人都采用自己的表达方式,选择自己认为重要的、合理的信息加以传播,因此无法表达事实的真相,所谓"道隐于小成"、"言隐于荣华"即是说人们由于成见、偏见,而以自我价值为普遍价值,产生纷争。庄子提出的解决方法是"以明",即去除掉种种偏见,拓宽自己的心灵,客观地、以事物的本来面貌去观照事物。庄子指出了成见、偏见对于传播活动的影响,指出了是非的标准都是相对的,认为人们应当抛弃偏见、加强沟通,尽量按照事物本来的面貌去观照事物。庄子还提出了"言不尽意"的传播思想,一方面反对拘泥于语言文字,另一方面又肯定人们能够通过直觉获取某种信息、传播某种情感。庄子还认为传播过程中的"冗余信息"也是有用的。

Zhuang Zi believed that as the communication subject,human is never free for the restriction of time,space,cultural environment,self-cognition and expression ability.Communication subject is like a dancer with bonds and does the communication activity within various restrictions.Zhuang Zi realized the prejudice in the communication activity and pointed out that different person chose his or her own expression way for one fact and picked the important and reasonable information which he or she believed to be important for communication.Therefore the truth can not be fully revealed,which is called ＂Tao yin yu xiao cheng,yan yin yu rong hua＂.People regarded their self value as the universal one for their prejudice and bias and then dispute occurred.Zhuang Zi provided his solving method,i.e.＂yin ming＂,which means to discard prejudice and bias,broaden mind and observe things according to their essence.Zhuang Zi pointed out the influence of prejudice and bias on communication activity and the relative standard of the right and wrong.He believed that people should forsake prejudice and strengthen communication and try to treat things in their own way.He also put forward the communication thought of ＂yan bu jin yi＂,which means speech can not fully express the meaning.He opposed restriction to words and agreed that information and feeling can be communicated through instinct.He also believed the redundant information in the process of communication is useful too.