黄土高原发展生态林业法律制度研究

Generality on Legal Institutions for Developing Ecological Forestry in the Loess Plateau

由于特殊的地貌景观与人为因素的双重结合,导致土地荒漠化和水土流失成为黄土高原地区最严重的两大问题,直接影响该地区生态林业建设。退耕还林还草工程在一定程度上缓解了生态压力,但是没有法律制度作保障,不能从根本上推动和巩固黄土高原生态林业建设。目前,黄土高原生态林业建设的法律法规不完善,配套制度不健全,行政执法存在缺陷,法律监督不得力。综合各方面的因素,治理黄土高原生态环境问题应进行生态林业法制建设,要着重健全生态林业主要法律及配套法规,建立黄土高原生态林业特区管理制度,创新生态林业建设目标责任制度以及完善该地区林业资源生态效益补偿制度。

Land desertification and soil erosion in the Loess Plateau have become the two most serious issues,which are caused by the special geological features and the human factors,and they directly affect the development of ecological forestry.Long-term process of treatment about returning farmland to forest alleviates the ecological pressure to some extent,but as there is no guarantee of legal system,the action can not fundamentally promote or consolidate the construction of the eco-forestry in the Loess Plateau.At present,the laws and regulations related to this are imperfect,and matching system is not perfect either.At the same time,there is defect about the eco-forestry legal enforcement in the Loess Plateau,also the legal authority has not enough force.Considering various factors,legal system of ecological forestry should be set up to treat the environmental issues in the Loess Plateau.The main laws and related regulations of the eco-forestry should be improved,the special management system about eco-forestry region should be established,the target responsibility system should be innovated and the ecological compensation system should be completed.