文学研究中的“关键词批评”现象及反思

Reflections on ″Keyword Criticism″ in Literary Research

源于雷蒙.威廉斯的"关键词批评"开启了以阐释核心术语来反思学科建设和发展的新视窗,提供了一种全新的研究范式,在方法论上给日趋程式化和成见化的文学研究以极大启示。20世纪90年代以来,我国文学研究领域出现了引人注目的关键词写作现象。"关键词批评"在批评实践层面有了不少新变与推进:不再仅以对关键词的词源学追溯为批评中心,而是以关键词在批评实践中的衍生为考察重心,以期有益于文学批评理论与相关学科的建构和发展;表现出注重紧密联系文学文本进行批评实践的趋向;编撰体例有所突破,文论性得以进一步彰显。这些都昭示了"关键词批评"发展的新路向,也显现了其在新时代语境中的勃然生机和研究实绩。我们在充分认识"关键词批评"理论价值的同时,也要注意一些理论"陷阱"与实践误区,避免政治视角从"一维"成为"唯一",谨防关键词的霸权化和快餐化。

＂Keyword criticism＂, put forward by Raymond Williams, opens a new window, which reflects the disciplinary development via the explanation of core terms. It also provides a brand new research paradigm,which enlightens the increasingly stylized and prejudiced literary research in terms of methodology. Since the 1990s,there has been a noticeable phenomenon of keywords in the field of literary criticism. The ＂keyword criticism＂ has many new changes and advances at the level of critical practices. For instance, instead of focusing on the etymological review, the current ＂keyword criticism＂ examines the derivation of keywords in the critical practices, aiming at the construction and development of literary criticism theory and relevant subjects. It embodies the tendency to emphasize the close connection between the critical practices and the corresponding literary text. Some breakthroughs are made in the system of compilation and the literariness is signified further. All these reveal a new direction for the development of the ＂keywordcnnclsm＂ ＂ ＂ ＂,and also show its vitality and achievements in the context of the new era. While fully understanding the theoretical value of the ＂keyword crlt^c~sm ,we should pay attention to some theory traps and practice paradoxes to avoid the transformation of political perspective,i, e. from the original one-dimensional view to the only angle perspective. We should beware of keywords＇ hegemony and superficialness as well.