《诗经》中的“南土”诗歌与毛传郑笺的文化指向

A Study of Southern China Poems in The Book of Songs and the Cultural Orientation of Maozhuan and Zhengjian

《诗经》时代的中国、四方观念反映了周朝居天下之正中以统治四方的地缘政治思维,这种思维也反映在《诗经》中。对《诗经》时代南土疆域的认知,是将陈风视为南土诗歌代表的重要依据。毛郑对"二南"地域的阐释是《诗经》时代文王德化天下政治记忆的延续,反映了北方文化的中心思想;对《诗经》无楚风的解释以及对陈风作为南土诗歌代表的忽略,反映了毛郑的南土观已经偏离了《诗经》时代对南土疆域的认知以及毛郑夷夏之别的地域政治思维。

The concepts of China and ″Sifang（all sides）″ during the age of The Book of Songs represent geopolitical thought of the Zhou Dynasty that China was located at the center of the world.This conceptualization is also reflected in The Book of Songs.The hypothesis that the ″Folk Songs of State Chen″ is the most representative branch amongst the Southern China＇s folk songs can be proved by recognizing the territory of Southern China during the age of The Book of Songs.The interpretations concerning Zhounan and Shaonan in Maozhuan and Zhengjian inherited and extended the political memory of Emperor Wen of the Zhou Dynasty＇s moral governance,reflecting the thought which regards the Northern China as the cultural center.Maozhuan and Zhenjian＇s explanations of the ″Folk Songs of State Chu″ neglected in The Book of Songs as well as the ignorance of the ″Folk Songs of State Chen″,show that Maozhuan and Zhenjian＇s ideas deviated from the recognition of the Southern China territory during the age of The Book of Songs.This also represents the geopolitical thought of the distinction between Chinese and the uncivilized ethics.