均衡价格视角下的农村土地流转:条件、问题与对策

Prerequisite,Problem and Solution:On the Rural Land Circulation in the Perspective of a Balanced Price

农村土地流转是双方主体在效用最大化目标下的自主土地交易行为,卖方的交易条件是取得能够体现土地要素利润的地租,买方的交易条件是在支付地租后能够得到体现平均利润的投资利润,双方价格均衡即流转的构成条件。它要求买方的生产力水平保证其能够获得一个既能包含土地要素投资利润,同时又满足农业投资利润的超额利润。在供求关系及经济发展作用下,地租有逐步上涨的趋势。现实农村土地流转中存在背离价格均衡问题,政府部门越俎代庖,农民土地"被流转";流转管理不到位,违规开发矛盾突出;中介服务缺位,流转市场有待完善。通过落实农民土地承包经营权,加强监管,健全承包经营权流转市场,发展集体经营、农民专业合作及土地股份制等无地租流转,完善社会保障体系和超前的政策引导、促进、规范土地流转。

Rural land circulation is an autonomous land trading behavior which is done by the two trading parties in the spirit of maximizing their utilities.In such a trading behavior the selling party has as trading prerequisite gaining the land rent that can embody its profit from the key element of land while the buying party has as trading prerequisite acquiring the investment returns that can embody the average profit after the land rent has been paid to the selling party,which means that the balance in price between the parties makes the prerequisite of land circulation.To realize a successful land circulation requires that the buying party＇s productivity make it sure that the buying party be able to gain a super profit that can both contain the investment profit from the key element of land and satisfy the agricultural investment returns.Influenced by the relationship between demand and supply and the economic development,land rent has the tendency of going up steadily.Price imbalances exist in actual land circulations： Government departments so exceed their authorities that farmers are occasionally forced to ＂circulate＂ their land;the absence of effective control over land circulation often leads to conflicts caused by illegal land development;and brokering service is so absent that the land circulation market has yet to be completed.It is suggested that rural land circulation be promoted and regulated by conscientiously implementing farmers＇ right to land contract and land business management,strengthening the supervision and control over rural land circulation,perfecting the market mechanism of the circulation of the right to land contract and land business management,developing rent-free land circulations,such as collective land business management,farmers＇ special co-operation and share-holding system of land,completing the current social security system and offering a superior policy guidance to farmers.