明代志怪小说中的女性形象与女德观念

The female Characters of Ghost Novels in Ming dynasty and the Female Virtue Concept of Scholars

通过对明代志怪小说中以鬼为中心的女性形象分析,发现志怪作者秉持着儒家教化观,在女性形象的创作中始终贯穿着浓重的女德观念,其具体表现为生育与持家;加之它又是建立在明代士人的修齐治平理想之上,所以明代志怪女性形象承载的是男性作者的女德观念。同时又与男性的内在欲望结合,成为了男性单纯的性幻想工具。女鬼形象由道德的木偶变为人性的反映,从而扩充了明代志怪女性形象的内涵。

By analyzing the female image in the ghost novels of the Ming Dynasty with the female ghost as the center,it is found that the authors of the ghost novels,who uphold the Confucian education view,always use a concept of profound female virtue to run through the creation of the female image.The actual expression consists in natality and house-keeping.Moreover,the concept is established on the ideal of the scholars in the Ming Dynasty to pursue the goal of self cultivating,family regulating,state administering and country ruling.Therefore,what is carried in the female image of the ghost novels in the Ming Dynasty is the concept of female virtue held by the male authors.At the same time,combined with the inherent desire of the male,such a concept becomes a pure sexual fancy instrument.The image of the female ghost turns into the reflection of human nature from the moral puppet,thus extending the connotations of the female image in the ghost novels of the Ming Dynasty.