改革前后三十年农村合作医疗的制度变迁

Institutional Change of Rural Cooperative Medical Service before and after Three Decades of Reform

农村合作医疗制度六十年的发展,经历了两个大的阶段:旧农村合作医疗阶段和新型农村合作医疗阶段。两个阶段农村合作医疗制度的发展速度都非常快,但旧农村合作医疗制度在经历了顶峰之后,迅速衰退;而新型农村合作医疗制度虽然没有走旧农村合作医疗制度的老路,但保障水平比较低。新旧农村合作医疗制度有相似的起点,但是结果却大不一样。旧农村合作医疗制度的衰退源于农村经济体制改革,新型农村合作医疗制度的发展源于政府的推动。农村合作医疗制度的可持续发展需要稳定的财力支持。

The development of rural cooperative medical system can bed two major phases,the old rural cooperative medical system and the new rural cooperative medical system.All the two stages of rural cooperative medical system developed very quickly,but the old rural cooperative medical system after experiencing the climax declined very quickly;while the new rural cooperative medical system didn＇t go the set road of the old one,but the security level of it is very low.The old and new rural cooperative medical system has almost the same starting point,but the result of it is very different from each other.The reason of recession of the old rural cooperative medical system is the reform of rural economic system,and the rebuilt of the new rural cooperative medical system benefits from the substantial support coming from the government.