冀北山地不同林分枯落物及土壤的水源涵养功能评价

Evaluation on Water Conservation Functions of Litter and Soils Under Different Forests in Mountainous Area of Northern Hebei Province

以冀北山地6种典型林分为对象,对其凋落物及表层土壤的水源涵养功能进行了初步研究。结果表明,各林分枯落物有效拦蓄量排序为:山杨林(32.32 t/hm2)>白桦林(28.59 t/hm2)>蒙古栎林(20.26t/hm2)>油松蒙古栎混交林(19.49 t/hm2)>华北落叶松林(13.53 t/hm2)>油松林(13.23 t/hm2);各林分土壤最大持水量排序为:山杨林(1 709 t/hm2)>油松蒙古栎混交林(1 551 t/hm2)>白桦林(1 549 t/hm2)>油松林(1 547 t/hm2)>华北落叶松林(1 357 t/hm2)>蒙古栎林(1 303 t/hm2);各林分土壤渗透性能排序为:油松蒙古栎混交林>山杨林>白桦林>油松林>蒙古栎林>华北落叶松林。采用层次分析法确定指标权重,对评价指标值进行计算分析,比较不同林分综合水源涵养功能,结果认为,油松蒙古栎混交林的综合水源涵养功能最好,其次为山杨林、白桦林、蒙古栎林、油松林,华北落叶松林最差。

Experiments were conducted to study the water conservation functions of litter and surface soil under six forest types in mountainous area of Northern Hebei Province.The results show that in terms of effective interception capacity,the rank of litter layers was poplar forest（32.32 t/hm2）birch forest（28.59 t/hm2）Mongolian oak forest（20.26 t/hm2）chinese pine—Mongolian oak mixed forest（19.49 t/hm2）Larix principis—rupprechtii forest（13.53 t/hm2）chinese pine forest（13.23 t/hm2）;in terms of soil maximum water-holding capacity,the order was poplar forestchinese pine—Mongolian oak mixed forestbirch forestchinese pine forestLarix principis—rupprechtii forestMongolian oak forest;regarding soil infiltration characteristics,the rank was chinese pine—Mongolian oak mixed forestpoplar forestbirch forestchinese pine forestMongolian oak forestLarix principis—rupprechtii forest.The values of evaluation indices were calculated based on weights that were determined using the method of hierarchy analysis.The evaluation results show that chinese pine—Mongolian oak mixed forest had the best water conservation function,followed in order by poplar forest,birch forest,Mongolian oak forest,chinese pine forest,and Larix principis—rupprechtii forest had the worst.