找寻政府的本真:基于伦理精神的视角

Approaching the Original State of Government: From the Perspective of Ethical Spirit

政府历来是社会治理的主要力量,它是基于人们让渡的权力而建立起来的,所以权力本位一直是影响政府行为的主要因素。权力本位的特点在农业社会的社会治理体系中表现的最为显著,一套基于权力掌控基础上的等级制度使得社会被控制在政府的权力支配之下。进入工业社会以来,虽然基于交易伦理的契约思想深入人心,社会治理也进入了法治时代,但是,权力仍然是政府行为发挥效力的关键因素。尤其是在国家主义和极权主义的驯化之下,加之在政党政治的权力竞技赛之中,权治的痕迹仍旧明显,甚至一度压制了法治,使法治成为权治的工具性利器。新市民社会的兴起,催生了基于伦理本位、追求道德最大化的非政府组织。非政府组织的产生和伦理精神的复兴,将政府从权力本位的驯服下解救出来,使政府"服务于民"的道德目标重新确立,从而建构起基于伦理精神的新型社会治理体系。

Government has always been the dominant force in social management,which is established based on the power and authority vested by people,so the power standard is always the main factor influencing the act of government.The characteristic of power standard is most distinct in social management system of agricultural society in which society was made under the government's power by hierarchy.Since the age of industrialization,although the transaction ethics of contract theory stroke deep root in people's minds and the social management has stepped into the era of law,power was still the decisive factor of the effectiveness of government's administration.In Particular,under the domestication of nationalism and totalitarianism together with the fierce power competition among political parties,the rule of power was still obvious and even suppressed the rule of law at one time,making the rule of law become its instrumental tools.The rise of civil society catalyzed non-government organizations(NGO) based on ethical rules and pursuing the maximum of morality.The emergence of NGO and the restoration of ethical spirit revived the government from power standard and rebuilt government's moral goal of 'Serving People',thus establishing a new system of social management based on ethical spirit.