普希金与海洋

Pushkin’s Writings and the Ocean

俄国是一个后起的资本主义国家。它是从野蛮的内陆的封建农奴制走向海洋文明社会的。在古代的俄国的文学中,就已经出现对海洋的生动描写,但海洋形象大量出现还是在18世纪和19世纪,这与俄国地理环境的巨变密切相关,也是与启蒙主义和浪漫主义的思潮出现相关的。普希金的许多作品都描写或涉及了大海。普希金创作中的海洋形象和意义,与一个文学思潮和两个著名历史个性联系在一起的,这个文学思潮就是兴起于19世纪初期席卷欧洲大陆的浪漫主义文学思潮,而两个历史个性,一个是彼得大帝,另一个是拿破仑一世。普希金海洋主题和形象塑造对俄国文学的影响深远。普希金描绘海洋诗歌的美,不仅体现在这些诗歌作品的艺术形式上,也同样彰显在普希金可贵的人生价值观上,他歌颂自由,讴歌善良,同情下层民众,祈盼人民的解放,追求历史的进步。他的作品的思想主题与人类千百年来主流的价值观是相吻合的,一致的。

Having evolved itself from a state of barbaric inland feudal slavery into that of civilized ocean culture,Russia turned out to be a late-comer of capitalism;the image of the ocean did not spring out in Russian literature until the 18th and the 19th century.As Pushkin’s writings can clarify,this is on the one hand related to the great change of the Russian geographic environment,and on the other hand to the emergence of Enlightenment and Romanticism.To be exact,the ocean image frequently appears in Pushkin’s writings and its significance mirrors the literary trend of Romanticism and two historical subjects—Peter the Great and Napoleon I,having thus produced far-reaching effects on Russian literature.The aesthetic value found in Pushkin’s poems representing the ocean is embodied not only in the appropriated art form,but also in the commendable value of life.He extols freedom,eulogizes goodness,sympathizes the lower orders,expects the liberation of the masses,and pursues the progress of the history.As such,the theme in Pushkin’s writings can be argued to be well consistent with the dominant values shared by peoples from generation to generation.