越语中的汉根成语及其越语化模式

The Chinese-borrowed Idioms in Vietnamese and its Vietnamese Model

越语借鉴的汉语成语称为汉根成语,在语音、结构和语义方面都具有越语化模式特征。汉根成语的越语化模式相当丰富,按语音分类其越语化模式有:汉越音成语模式——保留原形态和语义、汉越音发音,这占汉根成语的大部分;改编成语模式——保留结构、语音越化程度逐渐高;模仿成语模式——语义和语法按纯越语、语音几乎全为越语。汉根成语按语义分类其模式有:更换一个语素、两个语素、三个语素、更换全部语素、颠倒语素顺序及更换语素又颠倒语素顺序等六种模式。

The Chinese-borrowed Idioms in Vietnamese now have Vietnamese features in terms of phonetics,structure and meaning.Phonetically,many such idioms have the original forms and meaning with a slight phonetic change;some have the original structure but the pronunciation is quite Vietnamese;some are quite Vietnamese in meaning,grammar and pronunciation.Semantically,there are six groups different in the change of morphemes.