转型式经济增长与城乡收入差距:中国的经验(1978-2008)

The Economic Growth Mode in Transition and Urban-Rural Inequality:China's Experience

在中国经济转型过程中,持续扩大的城乡收入差距问题已经对中国的经济发展提出了严重的挑战。根据1978年到2008年30年的中国省级面板数据,通过理论归纳、揭示以及实证研究发现,中国的经济增长与城乡收入差距确实存在库兹涅茨倒U型曲线,但整个曲线比较平缓。同时,基于中国城乡收入差距持续扩大的事实,有理由认为中国的转型特征削弱了由经济增长所带来的农村收入增加的效果。具体来说,所有制结构调整有利于缩小城乡收入差距。而市场化进程、对外开放以及地方政府行为模式都在不同程度上扩大了城乡收入差距。特别是地方政府行为模式在导致城乡收入差距扩大的几个因素中显得十分突出。研究结果明显表明,中国持续扩大的城乡收入差距与转型式的增长方式有关。

In China＇s economic transformation, urban-rural inequality has become a seurious challenge to China＇s economic development. Based on the provincial panel data during 1978-2008, this article suggests that the hypothesis of Kuznets curver really exists in China, but the curve is flat. Meanwhile, the study presents that the transformation in china expands the urban-rural income gap. Specifically, adjustment of the ownership structure is conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas. But the process of market, opening up and local government behavior expand the urban-rural income gap in varying degrees. In particular, the local government behavior appears to be very prominent in a number of factors which expand the urban-rural income gap. The results clearly show that there is a relationship between China＇ s widening of urban-rural income gap and economic growth mode in transformation.