冷冻保存神经后自体和异体移植的实验研究

Regeneration of allogenic nerve graft following cryopreservation: an experimental observation in rats

目的：探讨冷冻保存神经自体和异体移植对神经再生的影响。方法：４０只ＳＤ大鼠用反复冷冻、复温的神经和未经任何处理的坐骨神经移植体，进行自体和异体移植。Ａ组为冷冻神经移植于自体原位中；Ｂ组为冷冻神经移植于异体中；Ｃ组为未冷冻神经移植于异体中；Ｄ组为未冷冻神经移植于自体原位中。术后６，１２周光镜、电镜下行组织学观察，检测各项电生理指标。结果：Ａ 组可见到较多的再生轴突通过移植体；Ｂ组可以看到炎性细胞侵润，但仍可见再生轴突通过移植体；Ｃ组可见到大量炎性细胞侵润，有极少量再生轴突通过移植体；Ｄ组可见到大量再生轴突通过移植体。电生理指标和伸趾长肌恢复率Ａ，Ｄ两组明显好于Ｂ，Ｃ两组。结论：神经冷冻处理可以降低抗原性，本实验为同种异体神经移植提供理论依据。

Objective: To investigate the regeneration of allogenic and autogenous nerve graft following cryopreservation. Methods: Forty SD rats were used. Allogenic and autogenous were performed using the sciatic nerve root with or without cryopreservation. In group A, a segment of the transected nerve was transplanted into the sciatic nerve of the same rat after freezing and thawing. In group B, a segment of the transected nerve treated with the same procedure was transplanted into the sciatic nerve of another rat. The grafts without cryotreatment in group C,D were transplanted in the same manner with A,B respectively. Six and 12 weeks after grafting, the graft and host nerve were examined with light and electron microscopy and eletro physiological. Results: In group A, many regenerative axons grow into the graft. Inflammatory cells infiltration was observed in group B and regenerative axons were observed too. In group C, large amount of inflammatory cells were observed with a few axon regeneration. A lot of axons grew into the graft in group D. Electro physiological study showed that the results of group A,D were much betters. The statistical difference was significant. Conclusion: Cryotreatment of graft can decrease its immunogenecity, which is beneficial in allograft.