晚期早产儿脑损伤的常见发病因素

Risk factors of brain injury in late preterm infants

晚期早产儿又称近足月儿。该胎龄的早产儿外表接近成熟，由于器官发育不成熟，比足月儿存在更大发病风险，脑损伤与足月儿相比发病风险明显增加，脑性瘫痪的发病率增加3倍，生长发育／心理发育迟缓也有明显增多，这主要与晚期早产儿脑发育不成熟有关。晚期早产儿其他系统的常见病发生率也比较高，如窒息、低血糖、高胆红素血症、呼吸窘迫综合征、喂养困难等，这些疾病也可不同程度地影响脑发育，造成脑损伤。

Late preterm is labeled near term. As developmental immaturity, there was higher morbidity in late preterm infants compared with term infants. Especially brain injury, a 3 - fold increased risk of cerebralpalsy and significantly higher rates of developmental delay and mental retardation for late preterm infants compared with term infants. In addition, a higher rates of neonatal complications had been documented on late preterm infants. These problems included apnea, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndome, and poor feeding. It was known that lon~ - term imoact of these diseases will result in brain injury.