某市5年间伤害住院病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of injury hospitalization in Kunming City from 2003 to 2007

目的分析某市伤害住院病例的流行病学特征,为开展伤害预防控制提供科学依据。方法收集某市7所医院2003-2007年因伤害住院的首诊病例共58 445例,采用国际疾病分类标准ICD-10分析儿童、成人和老年人伤害住院病例的流行病学特征。结果该市5年间伤害住院共58 445例,男女分别占89.09%和10.91%;伤害住院患者0～14、15～29、30～44、45～59和≥60岁年龄段构成比分别为15.09%、27.81%、31.57%、13.61%和11.92%。损伤是伤害住院的主要类型,在儿童、成人和老年人3个年龄组均占首位;伤害住院外因中意外事故为首位。意外事故中,0～14岁儿童和≥60岁老年人均以"跌落"为主,分别占24.02%和55.08%;而15～59岁成人则以"运输事故"为主,占33.95%。儿童和老年人运输事故参与方式构成顺位一致,均以"行人"为首位,分别占43.41%和39.06%;成人以"其他陆地交通工具"为首位,占47.11%(χ2=332.80,P<0.001)。伤害住院损伤部位:0～14岁儿童以头部为主(62.77%),其次为肩臂手(12.89%);15～59岁成人也以头部为主,其次为腿部(16.17%);而≥60岁老年人则以腿部为主,占35.18%,其次才为头部。伤害转归中,治愈占63.41%,死亡占1.98%。结论伤害住院男性远高于女性,主要类型是损伤,损伤部位儿童和成人以头部为主,老年人以腿部为主。意外事故原因中儿童和老年人以跌落为主,而成人以道路交通伤害为主。交通伤害中儿童和老年人多以行人的方式受伤,成人主要是驾驶或乘坐陆地交通工具受伤。伤害预防应针对不同年龄群体制定相应策略。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of injuries of inpatients from the year 2003 to 2007 in Kunming City. Methods 58 445 injury inpatients cases data from 2003 to 2007 from 7 hospitals in Kunming City were collected. ICD-10 coding was used to analyse the epidemiological characteristics. Results The proportion of male and female inpatients cases was 89.09 % and 10.91% respectively, while the proportion of 0-- 4, 15 - 29, 30 -- 44, 45--59 and 60-age groups were 15.09% , 27.81% , 31.57% , 13.61% and 11.92% respectively. Trauma was the main injury in three age groups of 0- 14（63.33 % ）, 15 -- 59 （86.80 % ） and ≥60 years old （86.65 % ）. Unintentional injuries were the main cause resulting in injury inpatients. The falling in child and the aged groups was the number one type with 24.02 % and 55.08 %, while traffic injury was the majority with 33.95 % in 15- 59 age group. Pedestrian was the most vulnerable group in the traffic injury, especially in children and the aged groups, accounting for 43.41% and 39.06 % , while adults were wounded mainly by land transportations （47.11% ） （X^2 = 332.80, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The ratio of injury by bicycle in 10--14 age group was 17.44 %. The position of head injury accounted for 62.77 % , followed by the shoulder and arm hand injury （12.89 % ） in the 0--14 age child group; in the 15--59 age adult group the main position also was head, followed by the legs injury （16.17 % ）. The proportion of legs injury was 35.18 % in the 60-year-old older people, followed by the head. The prognosis of discharge from hospital was mainly the salvaged patients, accounting for 63.41% , and only 1.98 % was dead. Conclusions The constituent ratio of males was higher than that of females, and trauma was number one in all kinds of injury types. In external causes of injuries, unexpected accidents accounted for the largest proportion. Falling was children and senior citizen＇s main injury cause, traffic accident was mainly occured in adults, which were wounded by land transportations, while children and the aged injured were principally as pedestrians. Therefore, the strategies of injury prevention should be formulated according to different age groups.