2Baratz ME, Des Jardins J, Anderson DD, et al. DisPlaced intra - articular fractures of the distal radius: the effect of fracture displacement on contacts tresses in acadaver model [J]. J Hand Surg(Am), 1996,21 : 183 - 188.
3Van Cauw elaert de Wyels J, De Smet L. Corrective osteoto my for malunion of the distal radius in young and middle - 2aged patient s ; anoutcomestudy[J]. Chit Main, 2003,22 (2): 84 -89.
4Sarmiento A, Pratt GW, Berry NC, et al. Colles" Fractures: Functional Bracing in Supination[J]. JBJS, 1975,57:311 - 317.
5Leibovic SJ, Geissler WB. Treatment of Complex Intra - ar ticular Distal Radius Fractures[J]. Orthop Clin North Am, 1994,25(4) :685 - 706.
6Knirk 1L,Jupiter JB. Intra- articular fractures of the distal end of the radius in young adults[J]. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) ,1986,68(5) :647 - 659.
7Penning D,Gausepohl T. External fixation of the wrist[J]. Injury,1996,27(1) : 1- 15.
4Duncan SF,Weiland AJ.Minimally invasive reduction and osteosynthesis of articular fractures of the distal radius.Injury,2001,32:14-24.
5Ladd AL,Pliam NB.The role of bone graft and alternatives in unstable distal radius fracture treatment.Orthop Clin North Am,2001,32:337-351.
6Lowry K J,Gainor B J,Hoskins JS.Extensor tendon rupture secondary to the AO/ASIF titanium distal radius plate without associated plate failure:a case report.Am J Orthop,2000,29:789-791.
7Young BT,Rayan GM.Outcome following nonoperative treatment of displaced distal radius fractures in low-demand patients older than 60 years.J Hand Surg(Am),2000,25:19-28.
8Bengner U,Johnell O.Increasing incidence of forearm fractures.A comparison of epidemiologic patterns 25 years apart.Acta Orthop Scand,1985,56:158-160.
9Wiemer P,Koster G,Felderhoff J,et al.Fractures of the distal radius.Changing therapeutic strategies.Orthopade,1999,28:846-852.
10Baratz ME,Des Jardins JD,Anderson DD,et al.Displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal radius:the effect of fracture displacement on contact stresses in a cadaver model.J Hand Surg(Am),1996,21:183-188.
3Benson LS,Minihane KP,Stem LD,et al.outcome of intra-articular distal radius fractures treated jI,ith fragment-specific f'lxation[J].J Hand Surg,[Am],2006,31(8):1333-1339.
4Akl-laz I,Pehlivan O,Kiral A,et al.Short-term results of external fixation of unstable distal radial fractures[J].Acta Orthop Traumatol Ture,2003,37(2):126-132.
5Sammer DM,Kawamura K,Chung KC.Outcomes using all internal osteotomy and distraction device for corrective osteotomy of distal radius malunions requiring correction in multiple planes[J].J Hand Surg[Am],2006,31(10):1567-1577.
6Egol KA,Paksima N,Puopolo S,et al.Tretment of external fixation pins about the wrist:aprospective,randomized trial[J].J Bone Joint Surg(am),2006,88:349-354.
7Slutsky DJ.External fixation of distal radius fractures[J].J Hand Surg(am),2007,32:1624-1637.
8Payandeh JB,Mckee MD.External fixation of distal radius fractures[J].Orthop Clin North(am),2007,38:187-192.
9Grewel R,Perey B,Wilmink M,et al.A randomized trial on the treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures:open reduction internal fixation with dorsal plating versus mini open reduction percutaneous pinning and eternal fixation[J].J Hand Surg(am),2005,30:764-772.
10Kapoor H,Agarwal A,Dhaon BK.Displaced intraarticular fractures of distal radius:a comparative evaluation of results following closed reduction,external fixation ang open reduction with internal fixation[J].Injury,2000,31:75-79.