治吏与“和平”——论康熙“中正和平”之道对吏治的影响

The Influence of Emperor Kangxi's Thought of "Being Impartial and Moderate" on the Official Governance

在国家元气未苏、民困兵乏的特殊社会背景下,玄烨将"中正和平"之道施行于地方统治,强调"不生事"、"不扰民",培养国家之元气,清朝社会出现了"天下粗安,四海承平"的治理局面。但康熙将其"中正和平"之道施行于吏治,则产生了极其消极的影响。康熙朝中期以后,玄烨极力强调"和平"、"安静",认为"多一事不如少一事"、"凡事不可深究者极多",不能严禁浮费和规银,宽纵州县火耗和亏空,至康熙晚年,整个清王朝吏治废弛,贪贿公行,个别地区出现暴动和骚乱,统治秩序奏出了不和谐音符。

Under the special social circumstance of the early Qing Dynasty,Emperor Kangxi advocated adopting impartial and moderate measure to deal with local governance with the emphasis on not making trouble and not disturbing the civilians.All of this resulted in a peaceful a situation of the early Qing Dynasty.However,Kangxi applied his thought of being impartial and moderate to the official governance which brought negative influence.He attached significance to ＂peace＂ and ＂quietness＂ since the middle period of his reign,and the illicit taxation and bribery haven’t been prohibited strictly.In the later years of Kangxi the official management slacked off,and bribery became publicly.There were rebellions in some areas,which brought damage to the ruling order of the Qing Dynasty.