论唐代的安置刑

On a Special Kind of Punishment Called Anzhi(安置刑) of the Tang Dynasty

安置在唐代的出现有其特殊的历史背景,最初它只是一种为打击政敌,规避正式法律程序而创设的具有临时性、变通性的政治手段。然而,随着使用地日渐频繁,安置开始逐渐刑罚化、正式化。安置在刑罚上的等级和烈度大致相当于徒刑。安置之所以能够刑罚化和正式化,首先是传统专制社会政治与法律的关系使然;其次是因为"新五刑"体系存在重大缺陷。安置在适用上具有一些明显的特点:首先,安置的适用对象主要是政治犯和皇族、贵戚、高官大吏等特权阶层中的人物;其次,安置多是政治考量与司法裁断的结合;第三,安置一般都要由皇帝以别敕的方式做出;第四,安置是一种强制性的软禁措施,当事人的人身自由要受到相当大的限制。

The punishment of Anzhi（安置刑） emerged in the Tang Dynasty under special historical background.At the beginning,it was only a temporary political means against the political opponents in order to avoid the formal legal process.With Anzhi being used frequently,it gradually became a formal penalty measure,and it is roughly equivalent to Tuxing（徒刑） judging by the grade and intensity of punishment.The reason that Anzhi became formalized is as follows：First,it relates to the relationship between politics and law in the traditional autocratic society;Secondly,the system of new type of Five Punishments（新五刑） is rather imperfect.There are some distinctive features in the application of Anzhi,it applies mainly to political prisoner,members of royalty and senior officials.Besides,Anzhi is usually the combination of political consideration and judicial decision which made by the emperor in the form of Biechi（别敕） .Anzhi is a kind of compulsory house confinement,and the personal freedom of the parties was subject to considerable restrictions.