美国内战时期联邦海军反干涉战略探析

On the Anti-Intervention Strategy of Union Navy During American Civil War

联邦海军在美国内战中担负着打击叛乱势力和防范外来干涉的双重任务。尤其是在内战初期陆上战局不利、存在明显外来干涉危险的形势下,联邦海军有效地发挥了其国防屏障作用和战略威慑功能,在遏制英国干涉图谋的过程中发挥了重要作用。及时把握住技术变革所带来的历史机遇,以技术创新弥补整体实力的差距,是联邦海军反干涉战略得以成功的前提,战略的内核则体现为立足本国国情、实施积极防御和有限威慑的务实路线。

The Union Navy had to take on a two-fold mission of crushing the rebellion and preventing the foreign intervention especially during the early period of American Civil War,when the Army suffered a series of failures and intervention was an impending danger.Serving as both a stronghold and a deterrence,the Navy played a key role in fighting the intervention conspiracy.As a growing naval force,the Union Navy sought the opportunities bestowed by technical innovation to reinforce its relatively limited power.The success of anti-intervention primarily lies in the technical advantage,while the strategy is also shaped by the main theme of active defence and adequate deterrence.