金章宗时期货币制度改革失败原因探析

Why the Monetary System Reform Failed during the Period of Emperor Zhangzong in Jin Dynasty

金朝的货币制度在不同时期表现出不同的特征。在海陵王、世宗统治期间,金朝的货币制度仍是以铜钱为主、纸币为辅,在全国大部分地区仍然大量使用辽、宋的铜钱;但到了世宗大定末年,市场上流通的铜钱已经流失殆尽,金朝的铜钱在富户和朝廷双方面囤积的情况下日益减少。因此,章宗不得不对货币制度进行改革,形成了纸币为主的货币制度。金章宗全面推行纸币的改革,由于各地官府储存的铜钱准备金数量的差异而难以实施,最终在日益恶化的财政压力下走向失败。造成改革失败的原因除了金章宗个人的原因外,很大程度上是前代制度的弊病造成的。

The monetary system in Jin Dynasty showed different characteristics at different times.During the reign of Hailing King（海陵王） and Emperor Shizong（金世宗） it was dominated by copper cash and complemented by paper currency,people still used the Song and Liao Dynasties’ copper cash in the most regions of country .But the situation had changed during the end of Dading（大定） years of Emperor Shizong,the currency in circulation of copper cash in the market had been almost run out.The market faced with a serious shortage of the copper cash in circulation due to the government and the rich＇s hoarding.Therefore,Emperor Zhangzong（金章宗） had to reform the monetary system,he issued a lot of paper money.The implementation of the reform encountered great difficulties,because there are gaps between the copper cash reserve requirements in various local governments.Ultimately,the reform ended in failure under the deteriorating financial pressure.In addition to Emperor Zhangzong＇s personal reasons,the failure largely resulted from the defects of previous system.